Advance knowledge of Computer

Week 02

Hi, I passed my second week in ICT class. This week was also busy for me. I learned a lot of important thing in this week. This week was about 

• History of Computer
• Computer Architecture
• Processing
• Power & types of Computers 

Computer History

Invention of computer is a long story. There are fives generations of computer. Before 1940, Abacus was the earliest recorded calculating device. Lets move on computer history by generation.

First Generation of Computer (1940-1950)  Vacuum tube

ENIAC designed by Mouchly and Echert, built by US army to calculate trajectories wall. ENIAC was built by around 1800 vacuum and 1500 reals & it was programmed by manually setting switches. 

UNIVAC is the first commercial computer and it was featured by Electronic emitting devices Data and Programs were stored in a single read-write memory and memory contents are addressable by location,regardless of the content itself. Assemble Language was used in UNIVAC.    

                           

 Second Generation of Computer(1950-1964)                  Transistors

William Shockley, Jhon Bardeen and Water Brattain invented the transistor that reduce size of computers and improved reliability. Vacuum tubes have been replaced by transistors. There was a great changes in few instruments. Such as Operating Systems, On-Off switches, High level languages, Floating point etc were included with it.

                    

Third Generation(1964-1974) Integrated

Computer was mostly developed in this period and came into a new era. Microprocessor chips combines thousand of transistors, entire circuit on a computer chip. Semiconductor memory was included and they came up with multiple computer models with different performance characteristics. The size of computer had been reduced drastically in 3rd Generation of Computer.

Fourth Generation(1974-Present) VLSI/USLI

It was combined with millions of transistor. The single-chip processor and the single-board computer emerged in this generation. This generation had brought some changes. The Personal Computer(PC) was created in this generation. It had brought data communication also. 

Fifth Generation Computer( Now & Future)

Fifth generation computer is based on artificial intelligence like computer can think and reason of learn. Voice and touch are inputted in fifth generation computer. Fifth generation computer is robotic computer and we are in this blessing.

Computer Architecture  

It concerns with internal hardware and software that determines the performance as well as the capability of a computer. We learned that computer architecture includes processor, memory, I/O system and data path. We also learned about processing Power. 

Processing

• Processor- Center for manipulation and control
• Memory- Storage for instruction and data for currently executing programs.
• I/O system- Communicate with external device.
• Data-path & Control- Collection of parallel wires. 

Power & Types of Computer 

Power is the most important for computer. It is determined by speed and capacity of each part of the computer. Speed is measured by hertz(Hz) per second.

Capacity is measured in bytes where 1 byte= 8 bits.

Based on size and capacity, categorized of computer

Embedded Computer

A miniature of Computer embedded into a specific product for a specific function.

Mobile Computer

Fits on our hands,contain built-in computing or internet capability.

Personal Computer

Fully functioning portable or desktop computer, designed for a single user at a time.

    Mid-range Services

Physically likes small cabinet, hosting data and programs available to a small group of users.

  

   Mainframes

Consume large space and powerful computers used for hosting a large amount of data and programs. 

Super Computer

Extremely powerful computers used for complex computation and processing.  

Reflection
After completing my second week in my ICT class I learned about the history of computer as well as different types of computer. It will be helpful for me in my future life.