It' about Software....

Week 03

Software and it's operating system 
   Hi, Welcome once more, Now I would like to share what I learned in 3rd week in my ICT class. It was about Software. I have learnt about software layers, operating system, system software, application software. 

Software  
  It is the intangible part of a computer. It tells instruction what a computer supported to carry out and how to do it. Hardware is driven by Software. It is a collection of computer programs.

Categories of Software  
  1. System  Software 
   2.   Application Software
   3.   Programming Language

                                                                                 

Software Layers
  A Layer is a group of classes that have the same set of link-time module dependencies to other modules. In other words, a layer is a group of reusable components that are reusable in similar circumstances. In programming Language the layer distinction is often expressed as "impact" dependencies between software modules. Layers are often arranged in a tree-form hierarchy, with dependency relations as links between the layer.

  

 Programming Language

 A Programming Language is a computer language that programmers use to develop application, scripts, or other instructions for a computer to execute
     -It's a tool to write or create programs
     -A language for a programmer to communicate with a computer.

Group of PL
 Low Level Language:

- A machine dependent language
- Tedious and Time consuming 
- Each instruction represents a single machine instruction

High Level Language:

-Machine independent language
-More user friendly
-Each instruction represent several machine instruction

The Evolution of Language: 

-Third generation language...(pascal, java, c++)
-Fourth generation language...(visual basic, visual age)
-Fifth generation language.....(prolog) 


Reflection

 I passed one more week in my ICT class. It was totally about software. From this week I got a lot of information regarding software.

Advance knowledge of Computer

Week 02

Hi, I passed my second week in ICT class. This week was also busy for me. I learned a lot of important thing in this week. This week was about 

• History of Computer
• Computer Architecture
• Processing
• Power & types of Computers 

Computer History

Invention of computer is a long story. There are fives generations of computer. Before 1940, Abacus was the earliest recorded calculating device. Lets move on computer history by generation.

First Generation of Computer (1940-1950)  Vacuum tube

ENIAC designed by Mouchly and Echert, built by US army to calculate trajectories wall. ENIAC was built by around 1800 vacuum and 1500 reals & it was programmed by manually setting switches. 

UNIVAC is the first commercial computer and it was featured by Electronic emitting devices Data and Programs were stored in a single read-write memory and memory contents are addressable by location,regardless of the content itself. Assemble Language was used in UNIVAC.    

                           

 Second Generation of Computer(1950-1964)                  Transistors

William Shockley, Jhon Bardeen and Water Brattain invented the transistor that reduce size of computers and improved reliability. Vacuum tubes have been replaced by transistors. There was a great changes in few instruments. Such as Operating Systems, On-Off switches, High level languages, Floating point etc were included with it.

                    

Third Generation(1964-1974) Integrated

Computer was mostly developed in this period and came into a new era. Microprocessor chips combines thousand of transistors, entire circuit on a computer chip. Semiconductor memory was included and they came up with multiple computer models with different performance characteristics. The size of computer had been reduced drastically in 3rd Generation of Computer.

Fourth Generation(1974-Present) VLSI/USLI

It was combined with millions of transistor. The single-chip processor and the single-board computer emerged in this generation. This generation had brought some changes. The Personal Computer(PC) was created in this generation. It had brought data communication also. 

Fifth Generation Computer( Now & Future)

Fifth generation computer is based on artificial intelligence like computer can think and reason of learn. Voice and touch are inputted in fifth generation computer. Fifth generation computer is robotic computer and we are in this blessing.

Computer Architecture  

It concerns with internal hardware and software that determines the performance as well as the capability of a computer. We learned that computer architecture includes processor, memory, I/O system and data path. We also learned about processing Power. 

Processing

• Processor- Center for manipulation and control
• Memory- Storage for instruction and data for currently executing programs.
• I/O system- Communicate with external device.
• Data-path & Control- Collection of parallel wires. 

Power & Types of Computer 

Power is the most important for computer. It is determined by speed and capacity of each part of the computer. Speed is measured by hertz(Hz) per second.

Capacity is measured in bytes where 1 byte= 8 bits.

Based on size and capacity, categorized of computer

Embedded Computer

A miniature of Computer embedded into a specific product for a specific function.

Mobile Computer

Fits on our hands,contain built-in computing or internet capability.

Personal Computer

Fully functioning portable or desktop computer, designed for a single user at a time.

    Mid-range Services

Physically likes small cabinet, hosting data and programs available to a small group of users.

  

   Mainframes

Consume large space and powerful computers used for hosting a large amount of data and programs. 

Super Computer

Extremely powerful computers used for complex computation and processing.  

Reflection
After completing my second week in my ICT class I learned about the history of computer as well as different types of computer. It will be helpful for me in my future life.

                                           

  

First Post ,10.10.12

                         Hi, I'm Rabbi, It's my pleasure to be able to create my blog and now i am going to share myself with all. My computer and Internet course is under one of my favorite and respected lecturer Mr. Azamuddin AB Rahman.
                 
                 
                 week 01 

First day of our class was so excited and important for us. Mr. Azamuddin gave a short but valuable speech regarding our course. Then he explained to us the overview of our course outline as well as assignment. Then he started to describe what is computer and its components. 

      Computer and it's main components 

Computer is a programmable device that can perform mathematical operations and process information. After that we learned about its operation which includes 1. input
            2. output
            3. processing 
            4. storage 
We also learned about the difference between data and information. Then lecturer described hardware, software and its classification.     

                      Computer's Hardware

Hardware is the electrical, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer. It includes 
            1. Input device
         2. Output device
         3. System unit 
            4. storage device
            5. Communication device

    

                                  Computer Software 
Computer Software is known as a program series of related instruction organised for a common purpose.
                               
                     Types of Software

                 1. System Software
                 2. Application Software

                 Number system of Computer

At the end of the first week we leaned about the Number System of Computer.   It has four types of Number System. They are Binary, Decimal, Octal, Hexadecimal.

                    Binary             : It is two base number system. It has only two numerals and they are 0 and 1.

                   Decimal              : It is ten base number system. It has ten numerals and they are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9.

                    Octal               : It has eight numerals and they are o,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7. It is eight base number system.

                 Hexadecimal  : This number system uses 16 symbols including numerals and letters. They are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E and F. It is a sixteen base number system.

            
  Reflection 

Finally after passing first week I learned Computer is a programmable machine. It has two types of components : Hardware and Software. I also learned about different parts of hardware and classification of software. After that I learned about the number system of computer and how it helps human's  instructions to convert to computer's understandable language.